● ʻO TUretero-nephroscopy kahi kaʻina hana ʻokiʻoki liʻiliʻi, ʻo ke kumu nui o ka mālama ʻana i nā pōhaku ureteral a me nā stricture ureteral. Ke ʻoi aku ka nui o ka helu mimi o ka mea maʻi ma mua o 1.5 knm, ʻoi aku ka maʻamau e hoʻohana ka mea maʻi i ka ureteroscopy a me ka laser lithotripsy e hoʻoikaika i ka metabolism o ka calculus.
● Ua paʻa mākou i ka hana a me ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka endoscope mai ka makahiki 1998, a ʻo ka uhi ʻana o ka huahana ma ke kahua o ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma Kina he kiʻekiʻe e like me 70%, e like me kā mākou mea kūʻai aku maikaʻi maikaʻi, lawelawe ʻoihana a me ka lawe wikiwiki.